176 research outputs found

    Quel cadre épistémologique pour l'ESS ?

    Get PDF
    http://riuess2014.sciencesconf.org/31268"L'ESS contribue Ă  faire converger les disciplines autour de la rĂ©solution de problĂšmes concrets, ce qui implique un positionnement Ă©pistĂ©mologique (et mĂ©thodologique) spĂ©cifique loin de la tradition Ă©pistĂ©mologique positiviste de l'Ă©conomie orthodoxe. Les cadres Ă©pistĂ©mologique et mĂ©thodologique de l'ESS mĂ©ritent ainsi d'ĂȘtre prĂ©cisĂ©s. Il s'agit, de montrer d'abord (partie 1) dans quelle mesure le champ de l'Ă©conomie sociale et solidaire s'inscrit dans le cadre de l'Ă©pistĂ©mologie constructiviste. Nous montrerons, par la suite (partie 2), que la pensĂ©e complexe (dĂ©veloppĂ© par Edgar Morin) Ă  travers sa dimension systĂ©mique, est un cadre conceptuel qui permet de rassembler chercheurs, praticiens et citoyens autour de la rĂ©solution de problĂšmes. Une double question demeure que nous envisageons pour finir (partie 3) : comment Ă©valuer la validitĂ© de la recherche ? Cette question induit de prĂ©ciser, dans le cadre conceptuel envisagĂ©, quel est le positionnement Ă©thique du chercheur.".http://riuess2014.sciencesconf.org/3126

    An Alternative to State-Market Dualism: The Sharing Economy. Practical and Epistemological Questions

    Get PDF
    International audienceThe Sharing Economy is much more than collaborative consumption (Botsman and Rogers, 2011) even if this appears as the most visible achievement of this sector. Production, consumption, finance, exchanges are disrupted by the sharing economy revolution. But what are the common points between Airbnb, Uber, Wikipedia, Ulule, Blablacar, Kickstarter, the FabLabs/hackespaces, the Local exchange trading systems (LETS), Linux, etc.?Most of these achievements rely upon digital platforms (Kenney and Zysman, 2015) enabling peer-to-peer exchanges. These digital platforms act as « weapon of mass collaboration » (Tapscott & Williams - 2007), flattening relationships between Internet users and inside organizations (Castells, 1996 ; 2002).Specifying what the sharing economy is isn’t an easy task. For-profit, non-profit, reciprocity, competition can be observed at a stage or another in the sharing economy galaxy. A bright constellation in this galaxy is the think tank Ouishare created in France in 2012. It’s s a « global community that connects people, organizations and ideas around fairness, openness and trust » (ouishare.net). For them collaborative economy deals with five phenomena: collaborative consumption, crowdfunding, open knowledge (open data, open education, open governance), the maker movement (open design and manufacturing, do it yourself), open and horizontal governance (participatory budgeting, open government initiatives, co-operatives, open value networks, do-ocracries, holacracies).Internet seems to enable peer-to-peer exchanges between consumers (Bauwens, 2005) who are also sometimes producers (Tapscot and William - 2007 speak about “prosumers” to stress how the lines have been blurring). Of course Uber and Airbnb’s algorithms are working like digital auctioneers: tiny invisible hands enabling peer-to-peer exchanges. Could this be the return of Smith or Hayek? Why am I asking this question? Because Jimmy Wales, Wikipedia’s founder, pointed out “Hayek’s work on price theory is central to my own thinking about how to manage the Wikipedia project” (Mangu-Ward, 2007). In order to figure out how to understand the complexity of the sharing economy we propose to explore three paths to characterize it. In the first one we’ll distinguish, with Karl Polanyi, two kinds of economy. Then we will try to figure out where to position the sharing economy (1). In the second one we’ll see if all the sharing economy organizations really share everything and how (2). The last way to characterize the sharing economy is around its global political project (3).1) The economic anthropologist Karl Polanyi is known for his opposition to traditional economic thought. He distinguishes two ways to understand economy: formal and substantive (Polanyi, 1944). The formal meaning refers to an economy interested only in minimizing means and maximizing results (in neoclassical words: utility maximization under conditions of scarcity). The substantive meaning refers to how humans make a living interacting within their social and natural environments. In this case the economy is embedded in society. Karl Polanyi identifies four principles (or forms of integration) of economic behavior, three in a substantive meaning (reciprocity, redistribution, domestic administration) and the last in the formal sense (market exchange). These principles will be used to classify sharing economies.2) The sharing economy seems to offer a third way between state and market, the collaborative commons (Rifkin, 2014), which are aimed to produce, innovate, manage, all in common (Ostrom, 1990; Hess & Ostrom, 2007). Some projects or organizations of the sharing economy are managed as common pool resources (Wikipedia, Linux). These projects/organizations have been deeply influenced by the free culture movement (Lessig, 2004 ; Suber, 2012 ; Stallman, 1985) very present in Internet culture (Castells, 1996 ; Benkler 2002) and are close to a an economy in its substantive meaning. The principles of common pool resource management (Ostrom, 1990) are, according to us, useful tools to characterize sharing economy projects.3) Proponents of the sharing economy advocate action. This is to participate in the creation of a new world by being an agent of change. Acting is a way to test ideas and overcome the internal contradictions of the movement. 3D printers, laser cutters, digital milling machine found in all FabLabs provide access to a new form of bricolage, an interconnected DIY (Anderson, 2012 ; Lallement, 2015). More than a political project, a way of being: to not be a passive consumer and join the ranks of the makers (Anderson, 2012). The concept of bricolage (Levi-Strauss, 1962 ; Duymedian et RĂŒling, 2010 ; Gundry et al., 2003 ; Garud et KarnĂže, 2003) could help us in identifying the real spirit of the sharing economy.On the one hand the culture of open access (Suber, 2012) where peers gather behind a socially useful project and produce in common; on the other huge corporations that take advantage of the opportunities opened up by the internet to establish a " netarchical capitalism” (Bauwens and Kostakis, 2014). The sharing economy concentrates contradictions. We hope to give, in this paper, some guidelines to identify sharing economies

    Quelle convergence entre l'ESS et la RSE : pistes de rĂ©flexion Ă  partir d'une enquĂȘte nationale sur les EHPAD et les SSIAD

    Get PDF
    http://riuess2014.sciencesconf.org/31269"Nous proposons de comparer les pratiques partenariales d'Ă©tablissements mĂ©dico - sociaux relevant du secteur de l'ESS et du secteur privĂ© lucratif Ă  travers leur prise en compte des parties prenantes. Ce thĂšme de recherche s'inscrit dans un programme plus vaste centrĂ© sur la RSE dans Ă©tablissements d'hĂ©bergement pour personnes ĂągĂ©es dĂ©pendantes (EHPAD) et les services de soins infirmiers Ă  domicile (SSIAD). Une enquĂȘte nat ionale est en cours de rĂ©alisation auprĂšs d'un Ă©chantillon de 4600 EHPAD et SSIAD afin de mettre en Ă©vidence les leviers et les freins perçus Ă  la mise en place de dĂ©marches de RSE. Il s'agit notamment de cerner les pratiques des dirigeants en termes de RS E, de comprendre les motivations Ă  la base des projets initiĂ©s et d'obtenir Ă©ventuellement un premier retour (managĂ©rial et financier) sur les rĂ©alisations effectuĂ©es. Ce projet de recherche intitulĂ© ADD'AGE (Action DĂ©veloppement Durable au service du gran d Ăąge) est portĂ© par la FNAQPA (FĂ©dĂ©ration Nationale Avenir et QualitĂ© de vie des Personnes AgĂ©es) et est soutenue par la CNSA (Caisse Nationale de SolidaritĂ© pour l'Autonomie) et l'organisme de retraite complĂ©mentaire AGIRC ARCCO. Dans cette prĂ©sentation, nous nous centrons sur les EHPAD et analysons les premiĂšres donnĂ©es disponibles de notre enquĂȘte par questionnaire afin de vĂ©rifier si les Ă©tablissements mutualistes et associatifs, dĂ©crits dans la littĂ©rature comme plus vertueux que les Ă©tablissements du secteur privĂ© lucratif, ont davantage initiĂ© de politiques de RS".http://riuess2014.sciencesconf.org/3126

    Les "serious games" : des leviers en faveur du knowledge management

    Get PDF
    28 pagesThe role of education and more particularly of universities consists in helping students in their apprenticeship so that they become knowledge workers. What teaching methods can be used to achieve this goal? In order to give some answers to this question, we have chosen to evaluate the nature of the impacts of a serious game on the acquisition of knowledge by students. If serious have attracted attention in previous research, essentially qualitative, this research does not allows to identify and understand the mechanisms according to which they influence the process of acquisition of knowledge. This article presents a stage in the research to test the different techniques by professional publics. To carry out our demonstration, we will first analyze the works of Nonaka in the field of knowledge management to understand the implementation of knowledge thanks to the use of serious games. This approach seems to be particularly relevant in the context studied as knowledge management is a resource for the firm, but also for the present or future employee since it is a means of assuring his/her employability and negotiating power in the firm. We will then explain the field research methodology, in our case a survey composed of two questionnaires administered to nearly 200 students before and after their participation in a serious game related to project management. The second part presents and analyzes the main results; the demonstration of the progress in knowledge on the one hand, and the factors of acquisition of academic knowledge on the other.Le rĂŽle de l'Ă©ducation et en particulier de l'UniversitĂ© consiste Ă  aider les Ă©tudiants Ă  devenir des kwowledge workers, mais comment l'UniversitĂ© peut-elle contribuer Ă  les former ? Quelles mĂ©thodes d'enseignement mobiliser pour atteindre cet objectif ? Nous avons posĂ© comme hypothĂšse que les serious games sont des leviers efficaces pour transformer un savoir explicite en savoir tacite (learning by doing), ce qui revient Ă  un travail d'appropriation (internalization) proche de l'apprentissage par la pratique. A partir de ce postulat nous avons dĂ©clinĂ© 6 sous-hypothĂšses testĂ©es Ă  partir de deux enquĂȘtes par questionnaires administrĂ©es Ă  196 Ă©tudiants, avant et aprĂšs la rĂ©alisation d'un serious game ayant pour thĂšme la gestion de projet. Les rĂ©sultats montrent clairement la progression des Ă©tudiants en la matiĂšre. L'interactivitĂ© entre Ă©tudiants et entre Ă©tudiants et enseignants semble avoir contribuĂ© Ă  ce progrĂšs, de mĂȘme que le plaisir pris par les Ă©tudiants Ă  jouer. Il existe Ă©galement un lien entre la performance perçue du jeu et l'interactivitĂ©, la qualitĂ© de la pĂ©dagogie et l'intĂ©rĂȘt des Ă©tudiants envers le jeu

    Montluçon – Les Hauts de Buffon

    Get PDF
    Identifiant de l'opĂ©ration archĂ©ologique : 2005/304 - 2006/126 et 133 Date de l'opĂ©ration : 2006 (EX) Le diagnostic rĂ©alisĂ© en juin 2006 sur l’emprise du projet de lotissement « Les Hauts de Buffon » a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©, dans un contexte sĂ©dimentaire peu dilatĂ©, la prĂ©sence de deux phases d’occupation, l’une datĂ©e du MagdalĂ©nien et l’autre de l’époque gallo-romaine. Un dĂ©pĂŽt isolĂ© d’une cĂ©ramique se rapporte quant Ă  lui Ă  l’ñge du Bronze. Le premier site, conservĂ© s..

    Federating structural models and data:Outcomes from a workshop on archiving integrative structures

    Get PDF
    Structures of biomolecular systems are increasingly computed by integrative modeling. In this approach, a structural model is constructed by combining information from multiple sources, including varied experimental methods and prior models. In 2019, a Workshop was held as a Biophysical Society Satellite Meeting to assess progress and discuss further requirements for archiving integrative structures. The primary goal of the Workshop was to build consensus for addressing the challenges involved in creating common data standards, building methods for federated data exchange, and developing mechanisms for validating integrative structures. The summary of the Workshop and the recommendations that emerged are presented here

    One health, une seule santé

    Get PDF
    One Health, « Une seule santĂ© », est une stratĂ©gie mondiale visant Ă  dĂ©velopper les collaborations interdisciplinaires pour la santĂ© humaine, animale et environnementale. Elle promeut une approche intĂ©grĂ©e, systĂ©mique et unifiĂ©e de la santĂ© aux Ă©chelles locale, nationale et mondiale, afin de mieux affronter les maladies Ă©mergentes Ă  risque pandĂ©mique, mais aussi s'adapter aux impacts environnementaux prĂ©sents et futurs. Bien que ce mouvement s’étende, la littĂ©rature en français reste rare. Traduit de l’anglais, coordonnĂ© par d’éminents Ă©pidĂ©miologistes et s'appuyant sur un large panel d' approches scientifiques rarement rĂ©unies autour de la santĂ©, cet ouvrage retrace les origines du concept et prĂ©sente un contenu pratique sur les outils mĂ©thodologiques, la collecte de donnĂ©es, les techniques de surveillance et les plans d’étude. Il combine recherche et pratique en un seul volume et constitue un ouvrage de rĂ©fĂ©rence unique pour la santĂ© mondiale

    Current Systems in the Earth’s Magnetosphere

    Full text link
    The basic structure and dynamics of the primary electric current systems in the Earth’s magnetosphere are presented and discussed. In geophysics, the word current is used to describe the flow of mass from one location to another, and its analog of electric current is a flow of charge from one place to another. An electric current is associated with a magnetic field, and they combine with the Earth’s internally generated dipolar magnetic field to form the topology of the magnetosphere. The concept of an electric current is reviewed and compared with other approaches to investigate the physics of the magnetosphere. The implications of understanding magnetospheric current systems are discussed, including paths forward for new investigations with the robust set of observations being produced by the numerous scientific and commercial satellites orbiting Earth.Key PointsThe basic structure and dynamics of the primary electric current systems in the Earth’s magnetosphere is presented and reviewedThe implications of understanding magnetospheric current systems are discussed, including paths forward for new investigationsThe concept of an electric current is reviewed and compared with other approaches to investigate the physics of the magnetospherePeer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145256/1/rog20162.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145256/2/rog20162_am.pd
    • 

    corecore